linux yum 命令
RHEL 系的 yum/dnf：装包、查包、换源、清缓存、装本地 rpm。
Key Pointsyum 在新版系统里是 dnf 的别名，命令几乎一样；换源改 /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo。
常用命令
Bash
sudo yum install -y nginx
sudo yum remove nginx
sudo yum update
sudo yum search nginx
sudo yum info nginx
yum list installed | grep nginx
yum provides '*/nginx.conf' # 哪个包提供这个文件yum 与 dnf
| yum | dnf | |
|---|---|---|
| Status | Legacy (CentOS 7) | Default on RHEL 8+ |
| Dependency solver | Slow, Python 2 | libdnf, much faster |
| Compatibility | — | yum is a symlink to dnf |
换源
Bash
# 备份后替换 baseurl
sudo cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak
sudo sed -i 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
sudo sed -i 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
sudo yum clean all && sudo yum makecacherpm 与本地包
Bash
sudo rpm -ivh package.rpm
sudo yum localinstall package.rpm # 自动解决依赖
rpm -qa | grep nginx
rpm -ql nginx | head
rpm -qf /usr/sbin/nginxrpm -ivh does not resolve dependencies; yum localinstall does. Prefer the latter for offline packages or you will drown in failed dependencies.常用命令
Bash
sudo yum install -y nginx
sudo yum remove nginx
sudo yum update
sudo yum search nginx
sudo yum info nginx
yum list installed | grep nginx
yum provides '*/nginx.conf' # 哪个包提供这个文件yum 与 dnf
| yum | dnf | |
|---|---|---|
| 状态 | 旧版（CentOS 7） | RHEL 8+ 默认 |
| 依赖解析 | 慢，Python 2 | libdnf，快得多 |
| 兼容 | — | yum 是 dnf 的软链 |
换源
Bash
# 备份后替换 baseurl
sudo cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak
sudo sed -i 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
sudo sed -i 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
sudo yum clean all && sudo yum makecacherpm 与本地包
Bash
sudo rpm -ivh package.rpm
sudo yum localinstall package.rpm # 自动解决依赖
rpm -qa | grep nginx
rpm -ql nginx | head
rpm -qf /usr/sbin/nginxrpm -ivh 不会自动装依赖，yum localinstall 会。装离线包优先用后者，否则会卡在一堆 failed dependencies。