Rust 环境搭建

装 rustup

Bash

# Linux / macOS
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Windows：下载 rustup-init.exe
winget install Rustlang.Rustup

Output

info: downloading installer
info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'

  stable installed - rustc 1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)

验证

Bash

rustc --version
cargo --version
rustup show

Output

rustc 1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)
cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)
Default host: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
rustup home:  C:\Users\Administrator\.rustup

installed toolchains
--------------------
stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc (default)

工具链管理

Bash

rustup update                    # 升级所有工具链
rustup toolchain list            # 已安装的
rustup toolchain install nightly # 装 nightly
rustup default nightly           # 切默认
rustup override set stable       # 只在当前目录切

rustup component add clippy      # 静态检查
rustup component add rustfmt     # 格式化
rustup component add rust-src    # 源码，IDE 需要

Channel	Meaning	Use
`stable`	每 6 周发一次	生产环境
`beta`	下个 stable 的候选	提前适配
`nightly`	每天构建，含不稳定特性	实验、部分框架

国内镜像

Bash

# ~/.cargo/config.toml
[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'

[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"

[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"

[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true

With the mirror, cargo build fetches dependencies much faster. git-fetch-with-cli = true makes cargo use your system git, reusing existing proxy and SSH settings.

第一个项目

Bash

cargo new hello
cd hello
cargo run

Output

   Compiling hello v0.1.0 (C:\Users\Administrator\hello)
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.62s
     Running `target\debug\hello.exe`
Hello, world!

On Windows, linker 'link.exe' not found means the MSVC build tools are missing. Install Visual Studio Build Tools with "Desktop development with C++", or switch to the x86_64-pc-windows-gnu toolchain.

装 rustup

Bash

# Linux / macOS
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Windows：下载 rustup-init.exe
winget install Rustlang.Rustup

Output

info: downloading installer
info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'

  stable installed - rustc 1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)

验证

Bash

rustc --version
cargo --version
rustup show

Output

rustc 1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)
cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)
Default host: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
rustup home:  C:\Users\Administrator\.rustup

installed toolchains
--------------------
stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc (default)

工具链管理

Bash

rustup update                    # 升级所有工具链
rustup toolchain list            # 已安装的
rustup toolchain install nightly # 装 nightly
rustup default nightly           # 切默认
rustup override set stable       # 只在当前目录切

rustup component add clippy      # 静态检查
rustup component add rustfmt     # 格式化
rustup component add rust-src    # 源码，IDE 需要

通道	含义	适用
`stable`	每 6 周发一次	生产环境
`beta`	下个 stable 的候选	提前适配
`nightly`	每天构建，含不稳定特性	实验、部分框架

国内镜像

Bash

# ~/.cargo/config.toml
[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'

[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"

[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"

[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true

配完镜像后 cargo build 拉依赖会快很多。git-fetch-with-cli = true 让 cargo 用系统的 git 而不是内置实现，能复用已有的代理和 SSH 配置。

第一个项目

Bash

cargo new hello
cd hello
cargo run

Output

   Compiling hello v0.1.0 (C:\Users\Administrator\hello)
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.62s
     Running `target\debug\hello.exe`
Hello, world!

Windows 上如果报 linker 'link.exe' not found，说明缺 MSVC 构建工具。装 Visual Studio Build Tools 并勾选「使用 C++ 的桌面开发」，或改用 x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 工具链。

Rust 环境搭建

装 rustup

验证

工具链管理

国内镜像

第一个项目

装 rustup

验证

工具链管理

国内镜像

第一个项目

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